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The Plant
Kingdom |
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Food
Crops:
The cultivation of plants for
food probably began about 11,000 years ago with wheat, barley,
lentils, and peas. Through the years, people have selected plants
that produced the largest or tastiest fruits. However, through
selection we have also changed many of the plants so much that
they could not grow and survive without us. These plants are known
as cultivars, a contraction of the terms cultivated
and variety.
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Agricultural food chains
are quite different from natural food chains. |
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Of the more than 350,000 plant species, people
use at least 10,000 for food.
Over 90% of our food supply is provided by fewer than 20 plant
species.
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| Food crops are usually classified
partly by use and partly by family. This system is not like
scientific taxonomy because most categories have species that
are not closely related and many food crops fit into more than
one category. |
Category |
Description |
Examples |
| Cereals |
grasses with edible dry fruit known as grains |
rice, wheat, corn, oats, rye |
| Root crops |
roots or underground stems rich in carbohydrates |
potato, sweet potato, taro |
| Legumes |
members of the pea family with protein-rich
seeds in pods |
soybean, peanut, bean, pea, alfalfa |
| Fruits |
the part of a flowering plant containing seeds |
apple, banana, grape, orange, pineapple |
| Vegetables |
leaves, stems, seeds, and roots of soft plants |
spinach, sweet corn, tomato, turnip |
| Nuts |
a one-seed fruit with a hard outer layer |
peanut, walnut, pecan, coconut, almond |
| Spices |
plant parts other than the leaf that add taste
to food |
pepper, vanilla, ginger |
| Herbs |
plant leaves that add taste to food |
sage, dill, basil, mint, oregano |
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Answer the following questions. Head your paper:
Unit 12 Day 3 Plant Kingdom
1. This website 
has information about crops grown in all U.S. states. Use it to
answer the following:
a. What cereal grain is most commonly
grown in LeFlore County, Oklahoma?
b. How many farms in LeFlore County, Oklahoma grow soybeans?
c. What vegetable is planted in the greatest number of acres
in Oklahoma?
d. How many acres of cotton are planted in Oklahoma?
e. To three significant digits, how many pounds of peanuts are
harvested in Oklahoma each year?
f. Which state has more apple trees, Washington or California?
g. Which state has more farms growing corn, Nebraska or Iowa?
2. Aspirin is probably the world's
most widely used medicine. The bark of the white willow, containing
salicin, has been used to treat headaches since the time of the
ancients Greeks. Today's aspirin is made of the synthetic chemical
known as acetylsalicylic acid. What is the chemical formula for
acetylsalicylic acid?
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